01
biological
Protein pores place an atomically defined sensing constriction inside a lipid membrane.
Pore engineering changes capture, selectivity and signal resolution while enzymes can control molecular motion.
technology
from ionic current to molecular identity
A nanopore turns molecular motion into an electrical signal. The pore, membrane, electrolyte and analysis pipeline together determine what that signal can reveal.
sensing platforms
three routes to a measurable event
The sensing element defines the experiment. Biological pores offer atomic precision, solid-state devices offer material control, and computational models connect both to molecular evidence.
02
solid-state
Nanometre openings in silicon nitride, graphene and other materials turn ionic transport into a device platform.
Geometry, surface charge and membrane thickness can be engineered for robust sensing and nanofluidic transport.
03
computational
Current traces become molecular evidence only after physical modelling and statistical interpretation.
Simulation, signal processing and machine learning connect transient blockade patterns to molecular identity and dynamics.
current is the observation. context makes it evidence.
Blockade depth, dwell time, temporal structure and experimental conditions must be interpreted together. Nanopore science advances by co-designing the sensing element, measurement electronics and inference model.